Old testament textual criticism10/29/2022 ![]() ![]() While it is true that the Masoretic Text is not perfect, there needs to be a heavy burden of proof in we are to go with an alternative reading. In Old Testament Textual Criticism, the Masoretic text is our starting point and should only be abandoned as a last resort. ![]() The primary weight of external evidence generally goes to the original language manuscripts, and the Codex Leningrad B 19A and the Aleppo Codex are almost always preferred. ![]() VG s Latin Vulgate, Sixtine recension, 1590. VG c Latin Vulgate, Clementine recension (S. TH: Greek translation of Hebrew Scriptures by Theodotion, second cent. ![]() SYR Hexapla is the Syrian Aramaic (Syriac) translation of the Greek Septuagint as found in the fifth column of Origen’s Hexapla. SYM: Greek translation of H.S., by Symmachus, c. MT margin The Masoretic Text marginal notes MT emendation by a small alteration of the Masoretic Text MT correction by a correction of the Masoretic Text MT: The Masoretic Text encompasses the Hebrew OT manuscripts from the second half of the first millennium C.E. Alterations of the previous period by the Sopherim were no longer made. SOPHERIM: Copyists of the Hebrew OT text from the time of Era to the time of Jesus.ĬT: Consonantal Text is the OT Hebrew manuscripts that became fixed in form between the first and second centuries C.E., even though manuscripts with variant readings continued to circulate for some time. 266 This papyrus fragment was discovered in Egypt, dating to the first-century B.C.E. LXX N A New English Translation of the Septuagint, NETS LXX L The Lexham English Septuagint, Second Edition LXX GS Septuagint (Paul de Lagarde, Göttingen, Germany, 1883), 24 volumes. OG: Original Greek (Oldest recoverable form of the Greek OT (280-150 B.C.E.) LXX Br Septuagint (with an English translation by Sir Lancelot Brenton, 1851) LXX Th Theodotion: Greek translation of H.S., by Theodotion, second cent. LXX Sym Symmachus: Greek translation of H.S., by Symmachus, c. LXX: The Greek Septuagint (Greek Jewish OT Scriptures in general and specifically used during of Jesus and the apostles) IT: Old Latin Versions, Itala, second to the fourth century C.E. Ginsburg, Ktav Publishing House, New York, 1966 reprint. Gins Int: Introduction to the Massoretico-Critical Edition of the Hebrew Bible, by C. Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 2004–2015ĬC: Cairo Codex, Heb., 895 C.E., Cairo, Egypt,ĭSS: The Dead Sea Scrolls Bible The Lexham Dead Sea Scrolls Hebrew-English Interlinear BibleĭSS B: Martin Abegg Jr., Peter Flint, and Eugene Ulrich, The Dead Sea Scrolls Bible: The Oldest Known Bible Translated for the First Time into English (New York: HarperOne, 1999) Dirksen Natalio Fernández Marcos, Anthony Gelston, Yohanan A.P Goldman, Carmel McCarthy, Rolf Schäfer, Magne Sæbø, Adrian Schenker, Abraham Tal. Stuttgart, 1984.īHQ: Biblia Hebraica Quinta with Apparatus. Edited by Karl Elliger and Wilhelm Rudolph. Major Critical Texts and ManuscriptĪT J Jerusalem Targum I (Pseudo-Jonathan) and Jerusalem Targum II (Fragmentary Targum).ĪT O Targum of Onkelos (Babylonian Targum), Pentateuch.ĪT P Palestinian Targum, Vatican City, Rome, Pentateuch.īHS: Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia. Old testament textual criticism professional#How the Hebrew Old Testament Scriptures, as the first part of the inspired Word of God, were largely copied by professional scribes but some took liberties with the text, and others simply made human transcriptional errors, yet to be preserved through centuries of restoration, being transmitted down to this day. ![]()
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